It provides a common European reference framework on key competences for policymakers, education and training providers, social partners and learners themselves. It also presents successful ways to promote competence development through innovative learning approaches, assessment methods and support for educational staff. It identifies eight key competences needed for personal fulfilment, a healthy and sustainable lifestyle, employability, active citizenship and social inclusion: 1) Literacy, 2) Multilingualism, 3) Numerical, scientific and engineering skills, 4) Digital and technology-based competences, 5) Interpersonal skills, and the ability to adopt new competences, 6) Active citizenship, 7) Entrepreneurship and 8) Cultural awareness and expression.